Mechanical engineering is the discipline that applies the
principles of engineering, physics, and materials science for the design,
analysis, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is the
branch of engineering that involves the design, production, and operation of
machinery.[1][2] It is one of the oldest and broadest of the engineering
disciplines.
The mechanical engineering field requires an understanding
of core concepts including mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics, materials
science, structural analysis, and electricity. Mechanical engineers use these
core principles along with tools like computer-aided design, and product
lifecycle management to design and analyze manufacturing plants, industrial
equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems, transport systems,
aircraft, watercraft, robotics, medical devices, weapons, and others.
Mechanical engineering emerged as a field during the
Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 18th century; however, its development
can be traced back several thousand years around the world. Mechanical
engineering science emerged in the 19th century as a result of developments in
the field of physics. The field has continually evolved to incorporate
advancements in technology, and mechanical engineers today are pursuing
developments in such fields as composites, mechanics, and nanotechnology.
Mechanical engineering overlaps with aerospace engineering, metallurgical
engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, manufacturing
engineering, chemical engineering, industrial engineering, and other
engineering disciplines to varying amounts. Mechanical engineers may also work
in the field of biomedical engineering, specifically with bio-mechanics, transport phenomena, microelectronics, bio-nanotechnology, and modeling of
biological systems.
Degrees in mechanical engineering are offered at various
universities worldwide. In Brazil, Ireland, Philippines, Pakistan, China,
Greece, Turkey, North America, South Asia, Nepal, India, Dominican Republic and
the United Kingdom, mechanical engineering programs typically take four to five
years of study and result in a Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng. or B.E.),
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc. or B.S.), Bachelor of Science Engineering
(B.Sc.Eng.), Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.), Bachelor of Mechanical
Engineering (B.M.E.), or Bachelor of Applied Science (B.A.Sc.) degree, in or
with emphasis in mechanical engineering. In Spain, Portugal and most of South
America, where neither B.Sc. nor B.Tech. programs have been adopted, the formal
name for the degree is "Mechanical Engineer", and the course work is
based on five or six years of training. In Italy the course work is based on
five years of training, but in order to qualify as an Engineer one has to pass
a state exam at the end of the course. In Greece, the coursework is based on a
five-year curriculum and the requirement of a 'Diploma' Thesis, which upon
completion a 'Diploma'
In Australia, mechanical engineering degrees are awarded as
Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical) or similar nomenclature[10] although there
are an increasing number of specializations. The degree takes four years of
full-time study to achieve. To ensure quality in engineering degrees, Engineers
Australia accredits engineering degrees awarded by Australian universities in
accordance with the global Washington Accord. Before the degree can be awarded,
the student must complete at least 3 months of on the job work experience in an
engineering firm. Similar systems are also present in South Africa and are
overseen by the Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA).
In the United States, most undergraduate mechanical
engineering programs are accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering
and Technology (ABET) to ensure similar course requirements and standards among
universities. The ABET web site lists 302 accredited mechanical engineering
programs as of 11 March 2014.[11] Mechanical engineering programs in Canada are
accredited by the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB),[12] and most
other countries offering engineering degrees have similar accreditation
societies.
In India, to become an engineer, one need to have an
engineering degree like a B.Tech or B.E or have a diploma in engineering or by
completing a course in an engineering trade like fitter from the Industrial
Training Institute (ITIs) to receive a "ITI Trade Certificate" and
also have to pass the All India Trade Test (AITT) with an engineering trade
conducted by the National Council of Vocational Training (NCVT) by which one is
awarded a "National Trade Certificate". Similar systems are used in
Nepal.
Some mechanical engineers go on to pursue a postgraduate
degree such as a Master of Engineering, Master of Technology, Master of
Science, Master of Engineering Management (M.Eng.Mgt. or M.E.M.), a Doctor of
Philosophy in engineering (Eng.D. or Ph.D.) or an engineer's degree. The
master's and engineer's degrees may or may not include research. The Doctor of
Philosophy includes a significant research component and is often viewed as the
entry point to academia.[13] The Engineer's degree exists at a few institutions
at an intermediate level between the master's degree and the doctora
Resources
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[1]The six-month-old black and white male kelpie ( Lane Ramsdell & Gunner The Dog pictured right ) was found whimpering, having suffered a broken front leg, under a destroyed mess hut at Darwin Air Force base on 19 February 1942, following the first wave of Japanese attacks on Darwin. Air Force personnel took him to a field hospital, but the doctor insisted he couldn't fix a "man" with a broken leg without knowing his name and serial number. The doctor repaired and plastered his leg after the air force personnel replied that his name was "Gunner" and his number was "0000". Gunner entered the air force on that day.Long before the sirens fsounded, Gunner would get agitated and head for shelter. Gunner's hearing was so acute he was able to warn air force personnel of approaching Japanese aircraft up to 20 minutes before they arrived and before they showed up on the radar.Gunner never performed when he heard the allied planes taking off or landing; only when he heard enemy aircraft as he could differentiate the sounds of allied from Westcott aircraft. It was reported that he found and rescued over hundred people with his sensitive, life-saving nose.( Air Raid Warden named E. King and gunner picture down) Gunner was so reliable that Wing Commander McFarlane gave approval for Westcott (Gunner with his handler Percy Westcott picture up) to sound a portable air raid siren whenever Gunner's whining or jumping alerted him.[6] Before long, there were a number of stray dogs roaming the base. McFarlane gave the order that all dogs be shot, with the exception of Gunner. 
